Case Studyâ€Baldwin Bicycles Essay

From the article it seemed that Baldwin Bicycle Company competed somewhere between a cost leader and a differentiator. Baldwin had been a bicycle manufacturer for almost 40 years. The article illustrated that Baldwin Bicycle had the image of being above average in quality in price, meaning to say that it was not low cost competitor. Besides, Baldwin had never before distributed its products through department store chains of K-Mart, which is well-known for its low price. However, no obvious evidence showed that Baldwin had targeted a particular market segment as a differentiator. To begin with, the company seemed trying to attract all range of customers—its product line involved 10 models which targeted from small beginners’ model with training wheels to a deluxe 12 speed adult’s model. Moreover, over a long term operation, Baldwin Bicycle seemed not created any superior competitive advantage that could be identified by customers to be apart from its competitors, such as brand loyalty, customer service, product feathers or technology. Above all, Baldwin Bicycle had not clarified its strategic orientation currently. b If Baldwin took up Hi-Valu’s offer, how might this change the way Baldwin competes? In particular, think about the effect on Baldwin’s costs and distribution channels(i.e. the retailers).(45%) If accepting the offer, Baldwin’s strategy may be restructured more like a cost-leader. Before drawing a draft cost analysis, several assumptions should be considered. a) Selling price should remain consistent. b) Variable and fixed costs should remain constant. Direct material and labor costs remained the same in the current range, and no idle time allowed. c) Estimation of that Hi-Value would purchase 25.000 units and Baldwin would lose 3000 units should be accurate. Incremental cost and revenue if accept Hi-Value’s offer Baldwin got capacity to accept the offer since 75% capacity had been used. Total capacity would be 131,721 units so Baldwin was able to produce extra 25,000 units. While sales volume was estimated to be 100,000 units less 3,000 units deduction plus 25,000 units=122,000 units, which quite near to its total capacity, fixed and variable costs level would change. Contribution margin was calculated as $12.47 after tax. Deducting one time added costs per unit of $0.2 , increased working capital $4.33 per unit and margin on lost margin(3,000units loss), total incremental effect would be $2.72. Effect on profit was total $68,000. Although Challenger’s offer could guarantee additional revenue, incremental costs would put burden on Baldwin’s current financial position provided accounts receivables from Hi-Value increased, making Baldwin had no extra money to develop its own product, such as new technology and feathers. As a result, to take the offer made Baldwin’s own products harder going up to the top. Distribution channel Currently Baldwin only distributed its products in speciality bicycle shops. After the offer being accepted, more distribution channels in Hi-Value stores at lower price than well-known bicycle brand such as Trek. Lower price with no significant new feathers or brand image, Challenger seemed more like low cost product. Customer and competitor reactions Accepting the offer would to some extent damage Baldwin’s brand image. Lower price and more discount distribution channel would pull Baldwin down from â€Å"above average in quality and price† speciality bicycle manufacturer to lower price manufacturer, causing a potential loss of customers and sales. Some competitors would follow Baldwin’s step, seeking for new investment or cooperation with department stores like Hi-Values . In the long run, this may share Baldwin’s current estimated sales or even, Hi-Value would cease the contract after 3 years and turn to someone else who offered lower price than Baldwin. By contrast, similar manufacturers may go to the opposite side- develop new technology, add up fresh feathers and advertise as top products to a be differentiators. In this term Baldwin may suffer from such  an embarrassing brand image from long run perspective. Other factors In addition, in terms of break-even point and safety margin, Baldwin was on the edge of losing sales due to the poor economic, resulting in a closer distance of the break-even point. To avoid the risk of making a loss rather than a profit, Baldwin should take the offer. However, before that Baldwin should also think about its cash flow. From the income statement it seemed that Baldwin could not bring out enough cash to the project. Besides, since production would increase, more warehouse space would be required which would incur further costs. Besides, above assumption didn’t include risk of losing more sales .Moreover, based on the current debt equity ratio, high leverage level would happen if Baldwin financed by loan since majority of its loan were short- term rather than long- term. To sum up, before taking the offer, it was essential for Baldwin to clearly define its strategy and consider the effect on it about accepting the offer. c Using Miles and Snow typology, speculate on Baldwin Bicycle Company’s strategic positioning.(45%) From Miles and Snow typology, Baldwin was projected to be a reactor. Since prospector should be highly innovative and analyzer’s domain is a mixture of stable and changing product or market, apparently Baldwin would not be one of those by maintaining in the current market and product line. Problems arose whether Baldwin was a defender or reactor. From strategy’ point of view, Baldwin behaved more like a reactor. Mile and Snow typology defines three reasons for an organization to be a reactor. 1. Top management of Baldwin had not clearly articulated the organization’s strategy. As talked in Question a, over 40 years Baldwin chose to act somewhere in between.  No clear strategy made Baldwin respond only when it was forced to by macro environmental pressures , in this case the poor economy. 2. Management does not fully shape the organization’s structure and processes to fit a chosen strategy. Compared to defender strategy which intends to secure and stable current market by offering a limited range of products, or offer better quality products or customer service, though selling and admiration expense was relevant high, Baldwin just sit there offering all range of  products without improve product quality . No internal reshape had been carried out , but response to external Hi-Value’s offer as it occurred. 3. Tendency for Management to maintain the organization’s current strategy-structure relationship despite overwhelming changes in environmental conditions. Al though risk of losing sales in the current economic situation and consideration of Hi-Value’s offer arose, top management seemed did not intend to restructure their strategy—to a definite cost leader or absolute top product. Above all, Baldwin was speculated to be reactor.

How does she achieve this? Essay

   It also shows us that Robert is a rather independent character considering he went, against his families wishes, to very remote part of the world. He is also, quite clearly indicated by his language, an educated man with ambitions beyond that of a normal being. Shelley also demonstrates Roberts’s ability to be an emotional person, ‘Hopes fluctuate and spirits are often depressed’, this shows his ambition is almost unreachable but he doesn’t want to give in. Walton’s emotions are highlighted to the reader in his opening letters and then remembered later when we hear Frankenstein’s story; they are both very similar. When we reach the 4th letter, the Gothic theme of the novel becomes ever more present. The reader gets the first sense of foreboding with the vivid description of the monster, and then the portrayal of the mysterious stranger in the distance. Walton, the Captain, is pleased to assist Victor, for he seems to be the answer to his prayers expressed in letter two, the quotes ‘I desire the company of a man who could sympathise with me’ and ‘I bitterly feel the want of a friend’ show us that he feels alone and miserable and that Victor provides a release from his loneliness. At last he has a kindred spirit. Of course, the reader is now intrigued by Victor’s story; there interest is then satisfied by this quote, â€Å"You may easily perceive, Captain Walton, that I have suffered great and unparalleled misfortunes. I had determined at one time that the memory of these evils should die with me, but you have won me to alter my determination. † Shelley is setting up a number of her themes in this clever introduction. One of which is Walton’s intense desire for discovery and the unknown, so far so that he would risk his life. His fateful meeting with Victor also provides us with a slight respite from the depressive language he is using to describe his journey, he found the companion he had longed for. Before the reader hears Victor’s story, many questions are raised, for example; what was he pursuing before they found him? And was it the mysterious, gigantic creature Walton and his crew say the day before? All will be revealed when Walton tells him off the figure they saw a few days ago, with those words ‘a new life animated his decaying frame’. A great effect used by Mary Shelley in this novel is the use of a Chinese box narrative, a kind of narration with two or more persons telling their own story. It starts of with Walter, an explorer, writing to his sister. His ship gets stuck and he goes outside only to find Victor Frankenstein. Victor is in a bad way, dying in fact, and so tells Walton his story. Halfway through Victor’s narrative, he creates the creature, which comes in, and tells his account. Then Victor comes back to conclude his tale, and the book finishes with Walton summing up, adding his own opinions, and writing to his sister again. This gives us different perspectives on each character and an idea of how each character feels about one other. Mary Shelley also uses pathetic fallacy in the novel to emphasise the gothic theme, the fact Walton journeys towards the desolate and barren North Pole which has connotations of being a harsh and unwelcoming place. This is typical of the Gothic theme as it exploits the stereotype of an undesirable and horrendous place to be. The fact she uses words such as ‘rawness’ and ‘vast’ tells us that the weather is almost uninhabitable. This makes the reader feel sympathy for the ship and its crew. In chapter 5, Shelley uses pathetic fallacy once again by beginning the chapter with ‘It was on a dreary night in November’. The chapter is actually a monologue describing how Victor (after months of labour), has finally completed his creation. But when the moment comes to give it life, its hideous appearance repulses him. His decision is to rush to the next room and try to sleep, but his mind was troubled. He throws himself onto to his bed in an attempt to forget about the monstrosity. But his mind is plagued by nightmares about Elizabeth and his mother’s corpse. When he awakes, he discovers the monster leaning over him with a friendly but terrifying smile and quickly bolts out of the house. He spends the night pacing in his courtyard and when next morning comes he goes walking in the town of Ingolstadt. As he walks by the town inn, Victor runs into his friend Henry Clerval, who has just arrived to begin studying at the university. Ecstatic to see Henry, a breath of fresh air and a reminder of his family after so many months of isolation and ill health, the ecstasy increased by the feeling of friendship after his recent experience of terror. Although the thought of crossing paths with monster terrifies Victor, he brings Clerval back to his apartment. Victor enters first and is relieved to find no sign of the monster. But, weakened by months of work and shock at the horrific being he has created, he immediately falls ill with a nervous fever that lasts several months. Henry nurses him back to health and, when Victor has recovered, gives him a letter from Elizabeth that had arrived during his illness. In chapter 5, Shelley’s description implicates that the monster is a child trapped inside an ‘adults’ body. Victor rejects the monster as an animal might reject one of its litter. Victor describes the monster as ‘a demonical corpse to which i had so miserably given life’. The fact Victor hates ‘the wretch’ he has created makes the reader feel sympathy for the monster as he hasn’t choosing this life and all he wants is to be loved. Shelley uses many language techniques to create tension in her novel. Chapter five is a great example again. Before Victors ‘creation’ comes to life, Shelley describes it as a ‘lifeless thing. ‘ This gives the impression that the when the monster is brought to life it will be treated as nothing more when it is born, just an experiment rather than a person. Shelley also writes a long and extremely detailed description of the monster in chapter five, ‘his yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black. and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriance’s only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes’ that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and his straight black lips. ‘ This description uses imagery to help create an image of monster inside the readers head which works to perfection as the reader is repulsed at the thought. In conclusion, many themes are often included in literature in order to provide more meaning and a better understanding for readers. But in Frankenstein Shelley conveys lots of different themes; some which are quite obvious and others that are more subtle. The novel also shows us how appearances are not always a clear representation of the person who’s underneath (the way the monster was judged solely by his looks). Also, the fact there are also many different narrative voices in the novel help the reader appeal to different characters, and also show how the character’s personalities evolve as the plot goes on. The fact the novel was written by a woman in a time when writing was almost solely dominated by men was enough but the fact it was such a huge success was down the way Shelley intrigued people and instilled fear. At the time it was written I personally feel that no-one would have been able to put it down. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Genetically Modified Food †Pros & Cons Essay

Never before in history has mankind so masterfully commanded its food chain. Thousands of years ago, much of our species made the leap from a hunter-gatherer level of subsistence to an agricultural society. With agriculture, slowly but surely many modifications were made to plants and animals used and domesticated by us for the purpose of feeding ourselves. New specialized varieties with specific desirable traits slowly emerged; with the advent of knowledge of hybridization, this process was greatly expedited. By today, much has changed in the way we shape the foods we put into our bodies. With modern food science has come the dawn of genetic modification. Food scientists working in tandem with genetic engineers can now isolate the genes for specific desirable traits from an entirely unrelated organism and splice them into an organism that we have traditionally consumed—say hello to â€Å"frankenfood. † As a practice, genetic engineering is the careful modification of a living organism done by essentially rewriting its DNA, thus altering its genetic makeup â€Å"in a way that does not occur naturally† (Domingo 535). The process of genetically modifying a plant entails inserting genes into plant cells by injecting viruses which copy specialized DNA into the cells. The end goal is that specific traits deemed beneficial become newly expressed in the GMO (genetically modified organism). The movie Food Inc. , narrated by well-known authors Michael Pollan and Eric Schlosser (authors of The Omnivore’s Dilemma and Fast Food Nation, respectively), dedicates a large portion of time to the modern use of genetically modified food—particularly soybeans—in American agriculture. The film hints at the various effects of using GM soybeans in agriculture, yet seems to be mainly focused on the economic impact the Monsanto GM soybean has on Midwestern farmers. It does at times indirectly suggest some possible health effects, though, at the time the movie was produced (2008—only four years ago), not nearly as much was known about such ill bodily effects. The pro-GMO food camp often boasts of the feats of this space age engineering in terms of productivity, efficiency, and health benefits. Skeptics, on the other hand, see how this practice can wreak havoc on the environment, exploit the economically disenfranchised, and also pose many risks to human health. Here, through the scope of the critical, food-safety concerned (people identifying with the questions raised by authors Pollan and Schlosser), we will explore these various claims about human health as they pertain to the most current technologies in â€Å"frankenfood. † One of the main purposes of genetically modifying crops is to improve nutrition. There is simply less food to go around in today’s world. With the growing population and lessened crop yields due to drought (a likely implication of climate change), â€Å"the price of wheat and corn [has] tripled† (Bourne) in recent years. Multitudes of people have been negatively affected by this. The frightening shortage has prevented many of the world’s poorest citizens from getting the basic, nutritious food staple they need to survive. In some of the hardest hit places, food riots have broken out in response to the startling scarcity. One of the clear potentially benefits of genetic modification in plants is its capability to lessen hunger worldwide. Genetically modified crops could help reverse the decline in yield growth by increasing drought tolerance, nitrogen efficiency, pest resistance, and photosynthesis rates (Crosson and Anderson). The â€Å"challenge of putting enough food in nine billion mouths by 2050 is daunting† (Bourne) with the increasing prevalence of food shortages. Genetic engineering of plants on a global scale may prove to be pivotal in averting a Malthusian catastrophe; that is, necessary for the survival—or at least temporary sustenance—of humanity. Companies involved in the genetic modification of crops, such as Monsanto, believe that â€Å"biotech will make it possible to double yields of†¦ core crops of corn, cotton, and soybeans by 2030† (Bourne). Introducing such crops to malnourished regions will potentially help alleviate the rising demand for food the world is currently facing. In Uganda, where cassava, a potato-like tuber, is the primary food staple for the masses, a destructive plant virus struck the nation in the early 1990s. The pathogen devastated the cassava plant’s yield, damages many farmers livelihoods, led to near economic ruin, and, most importantly here, jeopardized health and nutrition of many thousands of native Ugandans. In some of the hardest hit areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, the cassava yields had been halved, all while the population of the continent continued to grow at a very fast pace. In terms of health, this disaster has led to, among other deleterious effects, widespread malnutrition and starvation. In 1999, â€Å"scientists genetically engineered the plant†¦ to resist the [devastating] virus† (Hand). Since then, there has been appreciable improvement in the situation. The recent political situation in Uganda (and many other famine-stricken, war-torn African nations), however, has prevented such ambitious implementations of genetically modified crops from reaching their full potential in helping to solve the global food crisis. In addition to alleviating this hunger crisis, the genetic modification of plants can foreseeably further advances in modern medicine. One very practical use for genetic engineering is to turn bacteria into factories to make proteins and other compounds that are useful to humans. Researchers at Harvard University, for example, have recently â€Å"added a few genes to [E. coli’s] solitary circular chromosome, coaxing the organism to produce lycopene† (â€Å"Bacteria into Biotech Factories†). In bacteria, this process allows for useful and vital products like insulin to be produced much more easily, and at lower costs. Likewise, genetic engineering of plants can be used to increase the concentration of beneficial botanical compounds used in medicine and health supplements. Although certainly not without risk, GMO technology has been around for almost two decades now, and has had much fewer negative implications on human beings than, for instance, newly developed cancer treatments. Yet trial and error for cancer treatment does not get the negative publicity that the genetic modification of plants does, despite the fact that both aim at improving health for people who are otherwise very sick (be it cancer or starvation). In the United States, where opposition to â€Å"frankenfood† has steadily grown over the past decade, many scientists fear public suspicion regarding genetically engineered foods (within the country and abroad) could derail further research and development of them. Skeptical public sentiment may hinder the advancement of such crops that could potentially improve nutrition and overall health in regions—such as famished Sub-Saharan Africa—that could desperately use it. In addition to solving the modern world-wide hunger epidemic, a more indirect yet very significant positive impact on human health owing to the implementation of GMOs in agriculture would be the lessening or cessation of mass deployment of harsh, toxic pesticides over acres upon acres of cropland. Pesticides have long been cited as producing many detrimental effects with regards to human health. One of the largest indirect positive health implication of implementing GMOs in agricultural is the reduced use or end of pesticide application on food crops. First and foremost, pesticides ultimately cause â€Å"target organisms [to] develop resistance† (Lu and Cosca) to their chemical components. In the end, this leads to increasingly larger, more widespread use of pesticides and the need for more serious, more expensive, and more toxic pesticides to be applied to food crops. Studies have specifically demonstrated that agricultural workers exposed to pesticides on a routine basis â€Å"developed higher incidence rates of cancers of the nervous, lymphatic and hematopoietic systems† (Lu and Cosca). Furthermore, it has been documented that among infants whose mothers were exposed to routine pesticide use, there has been a â€Å"significant association between in utero organophosphate [(a very common agricultural pesticide)] exposure and abnormal reflexes† (Lu and Cosca). For this same commonly used pesticide, researchers have discovered a severe and widespread incidence of â€Å"neurotoxicity among the exposed† (Lu and Cosca). Less severe yet nonetheless very disturbing effects of â€Å"muscle pain, weakness†¦ change in taste†¦ eye pain, headache[s], drowsiness†¦ tremors†¦ difficulty in breathing, palpitations, throat irritation, and sweating† (Lu and Cosca) have been linked to pesticide use as well. Many of these symptoms and conditions have been correlated to merely the level of â€Å"pesticide levels found in soils† (Lu and Cosca), and have not only affected agricultural workers, but also individuals living within relatively close proximity to intensely farmed areas. If (and/or possibly when) genetically modified food crops designed to resist pests â€Å"naturally† are introduced on a significant scale, the use of these chemical pesticides and their harmful effects on human health will inevitably be curtailed. Despite the growing yet relatively mild opposition to the genetic engineering of crops in the United States (as opposed to Europe), many scientists in the United States assert—including former Greenpeace co-founder Patrick Moore—that genetic engineering isn’t fundamentally different from traditional breeding. Amidst objections raised by opponents concerning health risks, scientists such as Moore â€Å"have questioned the honesty of the environmental lobby’s arguments on biotechnology† and denounced such arguments â€Å"as scare tactics† (Lacy 195). To this group’s way of thinking, the benefits of genetically modifying food in terms of health have so far outweighed the risks. As is true in the scientific community, opinions on GMOs vary widely among different groups and individuals. In the interviews I conducted, public opinion ranged from â€Å"I think it’s good† and â€Å"yes,† ‘I think it’s safe from a health perspective’ to â€Å"I don’t like it,† â€Å"It is unethical,† and â€Å"it can’t be too safe. † More people were uneasy with its use than those who were not. One person even stated his belief that â€Å"genetic modification can cause unnatural cell division†¦ [and] spread bacteria. † From a scientific standpoint, this person’s former claim is very plausible yet the latter is a little more unknown. Despite the likely benefits of increased yield and its effect on mitigating the world hunger crisis, as well as indirectly preventing many health problems associated with the use of pesticides on non-genetically modified crops, there are also many valid health concerns surrounding this young biotechnology. Many researchers and experts have conveyed their legitimate apprehension over the potentially negative effects on health due to the consumption of genetically engineered agricultural products. Myriad studies have indeed found many potential health risks associated with consuming GM food products. Most of these ‘con’ findings and opinions are not merely hypothetical and based on sociobiological models either; rather, they are largely based on true scientific studies conducted in labs. In Food Inc. , author Michael Pollan is quick to point out that, contrary to the oft-cited plus of switching to genetically engineered crops that less harmful pesticides will be used, some GM crops are actually merely designed to better withstand pesticides. The film makes an example out of Monsanto’s Roundup Ready ® GM Soybean, which has been engineered to withstand much larger quantities of glyphosate, the highly toxic main ingredient in that particular pesticide (Food Inc. ). This fact directly contradicts the common claim that the implementation of genetically modified crops will lead to less pesticide use, at least in some very significant cases. Given Monsanto’s mammoth market share within American agribusiness—which produces much of the world’s food in our â€Å"bread basket†Ã¢â‚¬â€this finding is all the more disturbing. More pesticide (the dangers of which being previously mentioned), not less, coupled with the finding that â€Å"many GM foods have some common toxic effects† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 172), may compound health issues in the near futures. For good reason, this combination seems at least somewhat likely to prove to be quite a venomous cocktail. In addition to allowing for increased pesticide usage in certain circumstances, one of genetically engineered crops’ demonstrated direct detrimental effects on the body is the increased incidence of allergenicity. Findings show that the â€Å"introduction of novel proteins into foods†¦ may elicit potentially harmful immunological responses, including allergic hypersensitivity† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 168). Due to the inherently complex biochemical nature of cultivated food crops, the â€Å"introduction of a gene-expressing, nonallergenic protein†¦ may not always result in a product without allergenicity† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 168). That is, allergies to foods that were otherwise unknown or non-existent could randomly crop up as a result of this unnatural exchange of proteins used to alter the core nature of a food crop. Generally speaking, many â€Å"adverse microscopic and molecular effects of some GM foods in different organs of tissues have been reported† (Domingo 537). Other than allergies, more serious health effects of GMOs include the potential â€Å"that they may cause hepatic, pancreatic, renal, and reproductive effects and may alter hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 172). Through GMO consumption, humans are being exposed to an unprecedented amount of dangerous â€Å"anti-nutrients such as phytoestrogens, glucinins, and phytic acid† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 165). These were proven to cause marked infertility in laboratory animals (sheep and cattle). Moreover, inflammation of the GI tract due to GM foods â€Å"may lead after many years to cancer† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 169). Of utmost concern, however, is the disturbing finding that â€Å"maternally ingested foreign DNA could be a potential mutagen for [a] developing fetus† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 170). Given these findings, it is clear not enough regulation is imposed and not enough research is made available and/or taken seriously by companies involved in the genetic modification of food crops. Now that this new leap in biotechnology has been available for over a decade and a half, scientists have had time to study the health implications of genetically engineered foods on the body more in-depth. The results the scientific community is gathering are startling. Pointing to a prior lack of extensive research on the subject, scientists underscore that â€Å"the lack of evidence that GM food is unsafe cannot be interpreted as proof it is safe† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 164). We should also proceed with the production of such genetically modified food as â€Å"every single GM food through the food chain will eventually reach the consumer† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 164). In order to ensure food safety, many concerned researchers reaffirm the assertion that every genetically modified food crop â€Å"containing a new marker gene should be tested for toxicity with long term studies, since GM food will consumed for a life time† (Dona and Arvanitoyannis 167). Although the technology, as mentioned above, has been available to us for over fifteen years, this amount of time has not been sufficient enough to draw any such long-term conclusions. Until that is done, its implementation should be limited to reasonable, unbiased experts’ assessments of what is necessary, or situations in which the likely pros would outweigh the likely cons. It is human nature to fear the unknown. As yet, genetically modified foods are still largely unknown to us. While these fears may legitimately stymie progress with regards to such a new, potential human health panacea, at the same time they also protects us as a species from over-ambitiously and haphazardly ‘playing God,’ thus potentially opening a biological Pandora’s Box of sorts. It can only help to push us further into solving our food dilemmas if we adopt a fundamentally cautious and critical mind-set regarding food safety, a la Food Inc. Because there are so many disconcerting findings regarding negative health effects on the human body with current GMO technology, it is imperative we continue to aggressively and objectively study it. And, given the very plausible positive effects of using GMOs in agriculture en masse—such as a well-nourished world exposed to fewer carcinogenic and neurotoxic substances—the key to harnessing this technology to our species’ benefit as a whole is a slow, careful, unbiased approach to its research, development, and testing. In any event, â€Å"frankenfoods† are charging their way into the modern world of agriculture and will almost certainly be a very significant hallmark of the near-future’s era of food science, technology, and agriculture. Works Cited Bourne, Joel K. â€Å"The Global Food Crisis: The End of Plenty. † National Geographic Magazine. Jun 2009: n. page. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. Crosson, Pierre, and Jock R. Anderson. â€Å"Technologies for Meeting Future Global Demands for Food. † Resources for the Future. 2. (2002): n. page. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Domingo, Jose L. â€Å"Human Health Effects of Genetically Modified (GM) Plants: Risk and Perception. † Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 17. 3 (2011): 535-37. Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, 08 June 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. . Dona, Artemis, and Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis. â€Å"Health Risks of Genetically Modified Foods. † Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition 49 (2009): 164-75. Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Food Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Prod. Elise Pearlstein. Perf. Michael Pollan and Eric Schlosser. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. DVD. Hand, Eric. â€Å"St. Louis team fights crop killer in Africa. † St. Louis Post-Dispatch 12 Sep 2006, n. pag. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Lacy, Peter G. â€Å"Deploying the Full Arsenal: Fighting Hunger with Biotechnology. † SAIS Review 23. 1 (2003): 181-202. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Lu, Jinky L., and Katherine Cosca. â€Å"Pesticide Application and Health Hazards: Implications for Farmers and the Environment. † Internation Journal of Environmental Studies (2011): 37-41. Routledge, 13 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Researchers Rapidly Turn Bacteria into Biotech Factories. † Wyss Institute at Harvard. Harvard University, 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. .

Uses of statistical information Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uses of statistical information - Research Paper Example Statistics is a science of obtaining, organizing, summarizing, analyzing and making inferences about the data. In short, statistics is about all aspects of dealing with data (Williamson, 2002). There are very many fields that use statistics in their everyday activities and its use is as important as the fields themselves.Each workplace has unique demand and thus the kind of statistics required may vary to suit the needs of a particular work place. The use of statistics in a hospital setting is of paramount importance and is at the forefront in running, managing and decision making in the hospital. However, there exists basic standard statistics which are common in all hospital setting. In order to understand the statistical techniques to apply in a work place, one needs to know the statistical needs of that place (Barker & Harraway, 2005). Statistics are used in a variety of ways within a hospital- ranging from doing simple descriptive statistics for day to day management, for exampl e using routine hospital data in calculating operating costs and evaluating performance of hospital staff to carrying out big studies to address health issues using a series of data collected over a long period of time. One very important type of statistics typically obtained and used in a hospital is vital statistics. Vital statistics basically refers to the important events in human life. For a hospital setting, figures of life and death are widely used together with data collected on causes of death, disease as well as infections for addressing public health issues (Siri & Cork, 2009). Statistics help us understand how and why things happen the way they do and also capture unusual trends in the hospitalized population. The primary statistical knowledge obtained therefore helps in getting an insight into the future using prediction. With all the data the hospital collects on a daily basis, some descriptive statistics are derived. Descriptive statistics are used to show how the dat a looks like as well give a summary of the major components of the data. Coming up with descriptive statistics also helps us know if we captured the data we intended (Scott & Mazhindu, 2005). An example of descriptive statistics used in a hospital where I work, is the average number of patients received per day or per month. This gives an idea of how to monitor and evaluate hospital services to suit our needs. Another element of statistics is making inferences which are basically stating questions in form of hypothesis and answering them based on the available data. An example of such a setting in our hospital is studying whether age has an effect on the healing process of a wound. This question is formulated into a hypothesis and answered by categorizing patients with wounds based on their age and monitoring their healing process. A small sample t-test or an Analysis of Variance test is used to test whether the mean healing rate in one age group is significantly higher than the mea n healing rate in another age group. The decision to reject or accept our hypothesis is based on the probability that the results were obtained by chance alone (p-value) and the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it’s in fact true- ? level Both probabilities should be as small as possible to draw valid conclusions (Plichta & Garzon, 2006). There are four levels of statistical measurements used in the hospital where I work. These include nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio measurements. Nominal measurements are the weakest since the numeric values assigned to the variables only act as identifiers to uniquely name the variables of interest. They do not imply an ordering; neither does the interval represent the spacing between the variables (Trochim, 2006). During hospital assets audit, furniture is numbered just as an indicator for the already verified assets. Some probable statistics associated with nominal scales variables include mode and chi square. On the o ther hand, ordinal measurements

Provocation As A Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Provocation As A Defence - Essay Example The researcher states that today, under the English common law the act of provocation as a defence has been considered as a vali, since last many centuries especially in cases of murder and wherever it has been proved to be a valid defence worth consideration then in that case the murder charge has been converted to man-slaughter. The killings done by the accused has been condoned because according to the judge and the jury it was done in a state of anger aroused by some or the other kind of provocation. Provocation as a defence has been going on since the medieval times. The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, which reported in 1953, concluded that the defence was, in some respects, too rigid and exclusionary. The English Law Commission has recently published its final proposals for a reformed law of provocation. The recommendations come in two parts: situations where accused acted in response to a fear of serious violence or in response to words or conduct that constitute †Å"gross provocation.† In cases of fear of serious violence, accused will be convicted of second degree murder, provided a person of the accused’s age and of ordinary temperament, in the given circumstances might have reacted in the similar way. This development is welcome and seems entirely suitable to cover without strain domestic violence cases. It also caters to the demands of the long drawn of several activists who had been crying hoarse over the years over the defence of provocation as being flawed and bloated.

How media effects Arab Spring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How media effects Arab Spring - Research Paper Example The media had a great role in spreading the word and the president then had shut down the internet in the country, which had only aggravated the situation. Inspired by the bold move of Tunisia, other Arab went into the streets to protest against their governments. Egypt followed closely, and the then president attempted the same trick of shutting down the internet to prevent media from spreading the news and just as Tunisia, this infuriated the citizens even more (Aouragh and Alexander, p. 12). In all these protests and demonstrations, media has played a major role in spreading the word. Any attempt to cripple the media has always led to aggravation of the situation of these countries. The role of media in Arab Spring remains controversial. Media is intended to enlighten the people and present them with the news. However, the contribution of media to the Arab Spring is undeniable in all aspects (Khondker, p. 19). It is through media, especially the social media that word of protest spreads and encourages even peaceful regions to hit the streets. Any attempt to shut down media in these countries has always met hostile response from the citizens. A discussion on the sociological potential of media in causing a change in the society started early in 1996 with Manuel Castells’ work, â€Å"The Rise of the Network Society† and recently by â€Å"Communication Power† in 2009. Many writers in the past twentieth century decade have identified the internet potential as a means of reinforcing democracy. More recent scholars have pin pointed the capabilities and limitations of the political role of the new media (Khondker, p. 12). There is a divide in the discussion of this topic. Some see the media as a control tool, one of the dictator’s arsenal of repression. Others view the media in its potential to shape politics and initiating a public sphere in a community that already lacks one. Another group of writers has presented a rather balanced dimension of the

Expression of Political Thoughts in Latin American Cinema 1980s Article

Expression of Political Thoughts in Latin American Cinema 1980s - Article Example The filmmakers of that era proficiently employed their skills and creative capabilities to reveal huge issues in front of the masses using examples of different individuals and their lives (Wilson, p127). For instance, the official story (1985) tells about the miseries of people that were taken away from their homes during the Dirty War took place in Argentine. Romero (1989), on the other hands, tells how the authorities use to brutally deal with the people who publicly talk against their unfair acts. In the same way, Missing (1982) tells the story of American journalist disappeared during the Chilean cope of 1973 in order to refer the prodigious missing of people during the war. These films are based on different situations and stories, however; the common theme among these movies is the portrayal of true incidents took place during the war and political turmoil in Latin America during the 1980s. â€Å"The official story† was directed by Luis Puenzo in 1985 that basically tells the tale of a woman’s odyssey from complacency to political awareness. It was produced after the demise of the regime of the last dictator of Argentine General Galteiri in 1983. The movie is based upon real events occurred in Argentina during the late 1970s and 1980s, collectively referred to as Dirty war. The movie describes the real political incidents took place in 1976 when the Jorge Rafael Videla reactionary military known as â€Å"junta† came into power in Argentine. The Junta rule suspended the parliament, unions and political parties. The dictator rule initiated the Dirty War during which thousands of people were exiled from their homes. The movie highlights the issue of the disappeared people and tells about the repression and torture being experienced by the people of Argentina at that time. In the movie, Norma Aleandro played the role of high school teacher Alicia that lives with her husband Roberto who was a wealthy businessman and lawyer and uses to remain engaged with the government. The couple adopted a little girl named Gaby from the political prisons and after some years Alicia became inquisitive to know about the parents of her adopted daughter.

Interrogating the Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interrogating the Museum - Essay Example It is â€Å"is fashioned after the many cabinets of curiosities housed among princely palaces that originated throughout Europe during the 1500s. Ours follows this tradition with a stimulating mixture of books, games, costumes, and other hands-on activities for the entire family (Denver Art Museum). Perhaps the extra effort that was undertaken by the curator of the museum was consistent with its mission not just to house art works but rather to â€Å"enrich the lives of present and future generations through the acquisition, presentation, and preservation of works of art† which explains why the â€Å"unusual† presentation of the art works. The Bernadette Berger Discovery Library contains a mixture of artworks, artifacts, books and other printed artistic materials that it would be difficult to classify the discovery library as a mere museum or study area because it is a combination of both and even more because it encourages the visitors toward a self-discovery of the a rea. In addition, the discovery library in Denver Art Museum is also constantly rearranged to invite its visitors for a return. The moment visitors enter the library, they would notice unusually sized furniture where books, artifacts and artworks are nicely tucked on the walls and cabinets which includes an 18th century doll house, an Egyptian mummy case and several Greek vases. What is unusual with the framing of the artworks there is that some are contained in drawers that the visitors can roll out to see them which includes Egyptian jewelry. What is interesting in the discovery library were the artworks that early Native Americans would have which includes ceramics, basketries and even photos and paintings of the old American West. They are also constantly being rearranged but in general, the place could simulate a comfortable home with oversize furniture and air conditioned. It is also one of the very few museums where there are computers that we could use. Equally interesting, and perhaps the visionary approach of its curator is that there were no staff present when I visited the place and we were just left alone. It was not to neglect us visitors but it was more of encouraging us to explore what is in the library and to encourage that, staff presence were removed. And it was effective because I became engaged with the discovery center. The Bernadette Berger Discovery Library was opened between 1997 and 1999 which was deliberately created as a â€Å"themed† library and used the term â€Å"discovery library† for it to send a message to its visitors that they are welcome not to mention to become more comfortable with the place that would induce them to stay longer. The set up of presenting the books and artworks in the Discovery Library was intended to break the pattern where visitors see a museum with a permanent set up or presentation where they would only visit once not to mention that the visit would be a bore because they remain standing that they could only spend for minimum amount of time (Williams 160). Personally, this is the most interesting part of the museum because it is inviting, relaxing and engaging unlike in other places in other museum where there are no activities that all I have to do is stare at the artwork or listen to the explanation of the curator where I have been standing all along. With this kind of set up, the guests visit

Religion, Rationality, and Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion, Rationality, and Violence - Essay Example According to research findings, religious violence or terrorism is a modern socio-political syndrome arising from the far-fetched religious thinking. This has vividly projected cosmic images of war. Religions have sought the restoration of order by the affirmation of life through the violence of cosmic war. Many schools of thought have held the maxim that for religion to do more good than harm in our society, then religion has to dress up the armor of temper of rationality and fair play that Enlightenment values gives to society. Religion qua religion is inherently violent; the Enlightenment must redeem it. Harrison, Everett F., ed. (1960) Christianity for example, has been known to have harbored the worst violent legacy the stretches back into the black age. Questions being pondered are whether Christianity should get the Enlightenment redress. The exposition of a religious Hitler can be depicted in most fanatical scenario’s perpetrated around the globe the most lunatical believers. Mother Teresa, with all her shortcomings, is a typical embodiment of what modern Christianity is contrary portraying. Harris, Harriet A. (2004). Religion Islam has been demonised as a rhetorical device, to try to persuade fundamentalist Christians. Harris brings out comparisons with the "terrorists" that Christian's are so afraid of. In so doing, Harris paints all of Islam with a rather broad brush and makes some serious errors of cause and effect. For example, he contends that Middle East terrorism is indeed because of religion and repeats the old propaganda about virgins in paradise, while completely ignoring class issues, imperialism, occupation and invasion, poverty, desperation, and political manipulation by Arab states for entirely secular reasons. Barthel, Manfred and Mark Howson, trans. (1982). The only evidence he offers in favor of his thesis is that the World Trade Center hijackers were middle-class and hadn't experienced political repression, a contention that he doesn't bother to defend and that also doesn't support generalization from al-Qaeda to all of Islam or even all of Islamic terrorism. He's way too eager to use a current political bogeyman to support a different argument and in so doing falls into the sloppy and simplistic reasoning that he's criticized through the rest of the book. Harrison, Jane. (1996) Harris does a good job pointing out the reasons why atheists find fundamentalist Christianity so absurd. The sections on Biblical inerrancy and on the Bible as a moral force are particularly good, although if one hasn't already realized that the Biblical text cannot support its supposed moral lessons without a great deal of strain and selective reading, I don't think Harris will convince. And that raises the strategic problem: Harris is preaching to the choir, will make those who already believe what he believes feel better about their beliefs, and is unlikely to make much impact with his supposed target audience. First, the basic argument over religion faces a communication gap before it ever reaches the level of argument and analysis. People don't tend to seek out polemics against their closely held beliefs unless they're just looking for reasons to get angry or ways to undermine an argument. Harris says that he's writing this book to provide ammunition, but while that ammunition can turn away or argue down evangelicals who are trying to convert an atheist, I doubt it ever does much to convince them their belief is wrong. Second, I think Harris misses, or at least fails to address, the basic reasons why people believe. His target is religious faith, but he's attacking it in the way that one would attack a scientific theory. Religious faith is not, in

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilitites Essay

Electronic medical record implementation in correctional facilitites - Essay Example The significance of assessable and consistent medical records continues to be the objective of the health care and correctional facilities. The usefulness of electronic medical records cannot be underestimated. Electronic medical records will serve as the core source of information for patient care. The utilization of information technology to keep records allows capturing, processing and integration of more data. This will provide meaningful information as well as contribute to the knowledge of authorized users for lawful uses. In the contemporary world, people have increasingly become aware of their rights. People have become empowered, and thus demand for better services from servicer givers. As such, there is the need to implement electronic record keeping and enhancing customer/patient expectations. The organization also needs to implement electronic record keeping so as speeding patient treatment. It usually takes some time before a patient’s record can be accessed from the manual record. Embracing information technology in record keeping will help expedite patient treatment (Rodin, Jennifer, & Sharon, 2012). Accessing records from online records will be taking less than a minute when there is an information technology technocrat in the records department. ... Adopting comprehensive electronic records is a long and expensive process. Financial and time cost is mainly involved in containing, managing, and recouping costs. Other direct costs that are a barrier to electronic records keeping are the cost of purchasing information technology equipment and training costs. Another organizational barrier is the fear of having the staff buy-in to the organizational change option. It is quite a challenging exercise to have the hospital staff to accept the option of having to change from manual means of record keeping to electronic record keeping. In correctional facilities that have already embraced electronic records, the management expressed that it is a critical challenge to convince the staff on the need for the organizational change. Many staffs have noteworthy concerns with regard to the anticipated upheaval and changes in their daily and routine activities. The concerns are usually compounded by ambiguity regarding the potential merits that t he new system will bring (Rodin, Jennifer, & Sharon, 2012). Correctional facilities also encounter training barriers. Organizations experience tremendous logistical challenges in training virtually the staff and the community on how to use electronic records. The organization needs to enlarge their information technology staff to operate with electronic records vendor in a bid to customize the system. This includes adding information technology knowledgeable clinicians who would bridge the conversation involving practice and technology. The organization may also lack a change agent to help it midwife the process of system changeover (Borkowski, 2009). During organizational change, it is essential to have an appropriate change agent to

Case study, Sensible Life Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study, Sensible Life Products - Essay Example for disinfectant products has been increasing steadily owing to the increased awareness from campaigns focusing on the importance of cleanliness and disinfection. Additionally, recent years have seen an increment in the number of infectious such as the avian flu thereby causing increased demand for disinfectants. This implies that there is a relatively large and ready market for SLP products. However, amid the rising demand consumers trends are changing in favor of products that consume minimum time possible. As such, it is recommended that SLP’s management consider organizations that are producing products that are easy to use and time saving such as wipes. This will ensure that benefect will retain its relevance in the market amid changing consumer trends. Additionally, market research shows that consumers are highly interested in learning about bacteria and germ protection. Furthermore, research studies shows that consumer preferences are changing in favor of environmental friendly products. As such, it is recommended that SLP channels more energy and resources into partners that have clear strategies of marketing benefect. Additionally, more importantly is a firm that will teach about the benefits of using environmentally friendly disinfectants such as benefect. However, this is seemingly difficult since a campaign promoting use of organic disinfectants would act against other products of most companies. Nonetheless, striking such a deal would ensure that benefect is still being produced and ensuring human health while simultaneously conserving the environment. Furthermore, disinfectants are regulated products hence the need to have a firm with extensive experience regarding the sale of regulated products. This implies the befitting firm to strike a deal with SLP was probably one already dealing with disinfectant products. Moreover, potential firms needed to have knowledge of the appropriate target market in which to sell the disinfectant products. This

Personality psychology Essay Example for Free

Personality psychology Essay

Romantic God Child

Romantic God Child The Romantic period began in the mid-eighteenth century and lasted till about the mid-nineteenth century. It is characterized by a reaction against the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism centuries. They preferred the country to city and the natural instead of the planned. They write in a more free lyric; therefore, stimulating the language of the common people. They would emphasize in the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the visionary, and the transcendental. An easy way to think about the Romantic writers is they are natural. They also had many literary forms of writing: Gothic tales, sentimental comedies, sentimental novels, historical novels, serialized fictions, metrical romances, ballads, and lyrics. When discussing the lyric form there is different ways to write a lyric. One is the sonnet which is idealized with love, nature lyric that celebrates the majesty of nature, dramatic monologue is a speech of an individual character, reflective lyric is used for public or priv ate dignity which personal emotion is involved, and lyric of morbid melancholy expresses the sorrow and pain of bereavement. In William Blakes â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, both innocence and experience is a life lesson of a little boy. Blake is known for his traditional ballad style of writing. In his stories â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† both innocence and experience, I find that they both have a turning in upon self and a heightened examination of human personality. Though it may not jump out at you, I found the children to be turning themselves to God. One turning towards God, and the other away. As a young child we are unsure about the truth about God and ourselves. We also will believe what we are told and anything we are told. In the innocence version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† young Toms dream made him examine his life and turn himself to self, self being God. All Tom needed was a dream. In the occurrence of having this dream about his friends and seeing them in black coffins, and seeing an angel suddenly appear to free them. Tom knew then there is a God and he can and will see his friends again. As he wakes up the next morning he is a much happier boy, knowing that he will get the chance to have fun with Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack. Tom examined his life so he could go on living with a faith and knowing that he will be in heaven one day, by doing that he turned himself to self (God). As a young child all it took was a dream, but for an older adult it takes much more. As Tom grows-up I think his faith will grow much stronger. I would wonder why is that? We should h ave all have the faith like Tom did, in just a dream. It worked for Martin Luther King Jr. In the experience version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† you will find a different story and a different type of faith. As you walk down the snowy street you will find and young boy doubting his faith in self and complaining about his life. He says that he may act happy to his parents but he is not. He does not like how his parents dress him or what they make him learn, but he acts happy to them. This little boy blames his unhappiness on God. The one that his parents go into the church to worship while he must sit outside and smile and act happy all dressed in clothes of death. This little boy is examining himself, but also others around him, comparing himself to the other children playing and having fun. This young boy is turning himself away from God. And as this young man grows his faith in God will only seize to become more hateful. Even though people may view and look upon the Romantic period as love stories and heroes, it is like anything else in life, it is not what it seems. The Romantic times also had their dark times and talked of unhappiness. Still they had their own taste in literature, they spoke more modern, more natural or you could say more down to earth. They relied more on themselves and what happens in the everyday life, not a crazy imagination. Their thought began with their feelings and test for truth was an inner test. I think that Blake shows us all how the true test is within. That we must examine our lives and faith in God before anything else. That without God we will be like the little boy in the experience version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† and we will blame God for everything, even the things that we should not.

Organized Retail Current And Future Prospects

Organized Retail Current And Future Prospects The word Retail comes from the French retaillier which means to cut a piece of or to break bulk. Retail involves activities whereby products or services are sold to consumers in small quantities as per their requirements. The retail sector in India is evolving and undergoing transition. Early consumers use to visit kirana stores for their daily necessities but with the advent of retail formats with products under one roof, consumers were attracted to it. Retail formats have trained staff that cater to consumer requirements and is more organized. Organized retailing provides consumers an experience characterized with comfort, style and speed. It provides consumers more control, convenience and choice. Organised retailers have a network of retail outlets that are managed by professionals. CURRENT SCENARIO IN ORGANIZED RETAIL India is a hot spot for many retail giants due to its vast middle class population and untapped retail markets. The retail industry in India has seen a transition. An annual growth of 25% is expected in India. In the last few years, India has witnessed a tremendous growth. Change in consumer profiles and demographics, increase in the number of international brands in the market, government policies, urbanization, credit availability, improved infrastructure, increasing investments in technology and real estate are the factors responsible for the retail boom in India. The retail sector has provided employment to people in rural areas and contributes to 10% of its GDP and 8% employment. In India 3% of the market is organized whereas 97% of the market consists of mom and pop stores. The retail sector is gradually increasing. Retail sector can be broadly classified into food and groceries, textile and clothing, consumer durables, footwear, jewelry and watches, furniture and furnishing, c atering services, books, music and gifts, mobile handsets and others. Retail managers make complex decisions in selecting their target markets and location. Determining want merchandize and service to offer to consumers. The distribution channels to be used are another important step for the retailers. They have to make complex decisions on training and motivating sales associates and on deciding how to price, promote and present merchandize. Retail in India is not at the same pace as other Asian counterparts but is gearing up. India has a secured a great position in the international market. India provides huge scope for companies due to its demographic composition. These companies bring different products and target different consumer segments. Global Retail Development Index has positioned India as the foremost destination for retail investment and business development. This is due to the large population comprising of the age group 20-34 having high purchasing power, which has c aused high increase in demand in the urban market. Thus causing growth in the retail business. TRENDS IN RETAIL Demographic Increase in disposable income India becoming a popular destination for foreign retailers India revamping its retail sector 24% growth in departmental sales annually Growing population of double income individuals Use of information technology Rural markets as emerging markets for retail Organised retail largely present in urban areas Successful in cities due to consumer buying behaviour CHALLENGES IN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR Retail sector in India is going through a transitional phase and has faced many challenges. Some of the challenges faced are as follows: 97% of the market is unorganized comprising of mom and pop stores. It has low cost, negligible real estate and labour cost, little or no taxes to pay. Consumers for generations to generations tend to visit these mom and pop stores and have gained favorability. Organized sector has huge expenses and need to keep the prices low to match the traditional store prices The organized retail sector is not recognized as an industry. Thus being unable to get finances and thereby affecting growth and expansion plans. Investing in real estate is very expensive. Retailers have to pay large amount to build retail formats. The rent or lease to be paid is high. The high lease or rent reduces profitability. High stamp duties that need to be paid by retailers. The stamp duties vary from state to state. Lack of infrastructure poses a challenge to retailers. Poor roads and transportation. Lack of cold storage in food and grocery segments. Retailers often face multiple taxes in different states. Value added tax system. Approval of foreign retail in India is not an automatic process. Regulations enforced on purchasing real estate. Local laws. Tax policies that favor small businesses. Poor supply chain and information technology infrastructure. Lack of skilled and trained work force. Low levels of skill in retail segment. Rapid price change. Threat of products becoming obsolete. Threat of low margins OPPORTUNITIES IN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTOR Organized retail provides product visibility and a platform for customer interaction. It helps in launching new products and its variants Helps is market penetration and expansion. It has wider product range and fast delivery process. Due to urbanization, consumers can be catered to through a single retail outlet. Nuclear families have to earning members which increases the available disposable income. Due to lack of time consumers want everything under one roof. Retail outlets have various payments modes like cash payments and payments through credit or debit card. Retail outlets have proper infrastructure, air conditioning, well maintained buildings, trained staff, electronic machines, parking facilities and categorical display of goods. It provides customer an experience and enhances customer engagement. Organized retail provides employment opportunities to skilled. Semi-skilled as well as unskilled individuals. It contributes to social- economic development of the country. Due to emergence of retail outlets, there is a lot of competition. Thus retailers offer discounts, promotional events, festival offers etc. It reduces supply chain management process FUTURE PROSPECTS The retail industry in India is growing more and more rapidly. The retail sector in the small towns and cities is expected to increase 50-60%. The factors that play a crucial role in shaping the future of the retail sector are as follows: Due to the increase in the income of an average individual, the purchasing power is increasing. There is improvement in the infrastructure and thus is contributing to market growth. With liberal policies formulated by the government, foreign investors can enter the Indian market and make investment. As Indian consumers are evolving through purchase of different products and services. The national and international brands are benefitting. The internet has made it easy for international brands to understand Indian consumers and influence them before entering into the market. Due to internet penetration in the remotest markets, consumers are aware of global products and service offerings. With well developed retail, large areas of land lying ideal in prime location with governmental and non-governmental agencies can be used to set up large retail formats and cater to the requirements of the consumers. Major tourist destinations have well organized retail sectors. Thus, well established retail sectors can attract tourist to the city and promote it. Realizing the need gap is important in the retail sector. Use of decision support system by retailers. Use of technological innovations to provide real time information of products sold, thus managing inventory levels. Building store brand by creating footfalls and converting them into sales.

The Controversial Theme of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay

The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚  In his play, A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen depicts a female protagonist, Nora Helmer, who dares to defy her husband and forsake her "duty" as a wife and mother to seek out her individuality. A Doll's House challenges the patriarchal view held by most people at the time that a woman's place was in the home. Many women could relate to Nora's situation. Like Nora, they felt trapped by their husbands and their fathers; however, they believed that the rules of society prevented them from stepping out of the shadows of men. Through this play, Ibsen stresses the importance of women's individuality. A Doll's House combines realistic characters, fascinating imagery, explicit stage directions, and an influential setting to develop a controversial theme. The characters of this play help to support Ibsen's opinions. Nora's initial characteristics are that of a bubbly, child-like wife who is strictly dependent on her husband. This subordinate role from which Nora progresses emphasizes the need for change in society's view of women. For Nora, her inferior, doll-like nature is a facade for a deeper passion for individuality that begins to surface during the play and eventually fully emerges in the ending. An example of this deep yearning for independence is shown when Nora tells her friend, Kristina Linde about earning her own money by doing copying. Nora explains, "it was tremendous fun sitting [in her room] working and earning money. It was almost like being a man" (A Doll's House, 162). Mrs. Linde is an inspiration to Nora, because Kristina has experienced the independence that Nora longs for. Even though Nora seeks to be independent, she uses her role of subordination to her advant... ...ntroversial theme. Ibsen expresses to the audience his hope for the "miracle" of true equality, when neither men nor women abuse the power that society gives them. When Nora sheds her doll's dress and steps out into the real world, she opens up a new realm of possibilities for all women. Works Cited and Consulted: Agress, Lynne. The Feminine Irony: Women on Women in Early-Nineteenth-Century English Literature. London: Associated UP, 1978. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A League of Youth/ A Doll's House/ The Lady From the Sea. Trans. Peter Watts. England: Clays Ltd., 1965. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.    The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Essay The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚  In his play, A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen depicts a female protagonist, Nora Helmer, who dares to defy her husband and forsake her "duty" as a wife and mother to seek out her individuality. A Doll's House challenges the patriarchal view held by most people at the time that a woman's place was in the home. Many women could relate to Nora's situation. Like Nora, they felt trapped by their husbands and their fathers; however, they believed that the rules of society prevented them from stepping out of the shadows of men. Through this play, Ibsen stresses the importance of women's individuality. A Doll's House combines realistic characters, fascinating imagery, explicit stage directions, and an influential setting to develop a controversial theme. The characters of this play help to support Ibsen's opinions. Nora's initial characteristics are that of a bubbly, child-like wife who is strictly dependent on her husband. This subordinate role from which Nora progresses emphasizes the need for change in society's view of women. For Nora, her inferior, doll-like nature is a facade for a deeper passion for individuality that begins to surface during the play and eventually fully emerges in the ending. An example of this deep yearning for independence is shown when Nora tells her friend, Kristina Linde about earning her own money by doing copying. Nora explains, "it was tremendous fun sitting [in her room] working and earning money. It was almost like being a man" (A Doll's House, 162). Mrs. Linde is an inspiration to Nora, because Kristina has experienced the independence that Nora longs for. Even though Nora seeks to be independent, she uses her role of subordination to her advant... ...ntroversial theme. Ibsen expresses to the audience his hope for the "miracle" of true equality, when neither men nor women abuse the power that society gives them. When Nora sheds her doll's dress and steps out into the real world, she opens up a new realm of possibilities for all women. Works Cited and Consulted: Agress, Lynne. The Feminine Irony: Women on Women in Early-Nineteenth-Century English Literature. London: Associated UP, 1978. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A League of Youth/ A Doll's House/ The Lady From the Sea. Trans. Peter Watts. England: Clays Ltd., 1965. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.   

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Essay -- Facility Ownership Finances Accounti

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation. Lowest life-cycle cost (LCC) is the most straightforward and easy-to-interpret measure of economic evaluation. Some other commonly used measures are Net Savings (or Net Benefits), Savings-to-Investment Ratio (or Savings Benefit-to-Cost Ratio), Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period. They are consistent with the Lowest LCC measure of evaluation if they use the same parameters and length of study period. Building economists, certified value specialists, cost engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, operations researchers, and others might use any or several of these techniques to evaluate a project. The approach to making cost-effective choices for building-related projects can be quite similar whether it is called cost estimating, value engineering, or economic analysis. DESCRIPTION A. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Method The purpose of an LCCA is to estimate the overall costs of project alternatives and to select the design that ensures the facility will provide the lowest overall cost of ownership consistent with its quality and function. The LCCA should be performed early in the design process while there is still a chance to refine the design to ensure a reduction in life-cycle costs (LCC). The first and most challenging task of an LCCA, or any economic evaluation method, is to determine the economic effects of alternative designs of buildings and building systems and to quantify these effects and express them in dollar amounts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viewed over a 30 year period, initial building costs account for approximately just 2% of the total, while operations and maintenance costs equal 6%, and personnel costs equal ... ..., Design, and Development Process, Cost-Effective—Use Economic Analysis to Evaluate Facility Investment Decisions, Cost-Effective—Consider Non-Monetary Benefits such as Aesthetics, Historic Preservation, Security, and Safety, Sustainable, Productive, Functional Publications Building Economics: Theory and Practice by Rosalie T. Ruegg and Harold E. Marshall. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Annual Supplement to Handbook 135 by Sieglinde K. Fuller, Amy S. Rushing, and Laura I. Schultz. NISTIR 85-3273-19. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2004. Also available from the DOE/FEMP Help Desk at 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463). Engineering Economy by G. J. Thuesen and W. J. Fabrycky. Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-277491-7. GSA LEED ® Cost Study Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program by Sieglinde Fuller and S.R. Petersen. NIST Handbook 135. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. Simplified Energy Design Economics by Harold E. Marshall and Rosalie T. Ruegg. NBS SP 544. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards, January 1980.

In-N-Out Burguer Essay

Describe In-N-Out in terms of the value it provides for customers. Throughout the years, the restaurant chain In-N-Out has accomplished excellent customer service and satisfaction. Moreover, their customer service is now classified among the top rated when compared to other fast food restaurants that are within In-N-Out’s range of service. Presently, the profit they are making is comparable to, if not higher than Burger King and McDonald’s. Many experts reviews have favored In-N-Out because they are known for giving customers secret menu items, which overall helps increase customer value. In other words, the famous â€Å"secret menu† strategy is bringing back not only its original customers but also their family and friends. Evaluate In-N-Out’s performance relative to customer expectations. What is the outcome of this process? In-N-Out has performed well when it comes to filling customers’ expectations. Thanks to the great performance offered by the restaurant; they have positive advertisement by their own clients. In other words, their own customers promote the food and service of the restaurant; saving the chain millions of dollars in TV advertisement. They are now famous for providing â€Å"Quality you can taste† as well as an original formula that remains unchanged. Another fact to their success is that, they have never changed their menu or freshness of the products. Millions of people talk about the freshness and tastefulness of the food and are always planning to return within days. Do you think In-N-Out should adopt a high growth strategy? Why or why not? I believe In-N-Out should remain with their slow growth strategy. This particular chain of restaurants has definitely gone beyond expectations. The truth of the matter is, a regular business with such strategy would have failed within the first three years. However, In-N-Out has exceptional in accomplishing what seems impossible to other fast foods such as McDonalds. The chain of restaurants it is not found in every state, so when a traveler is near one there is a high chance they will try it. With so many customers drawn into In-N-Out’s â€Å"no change† philosophy, why don’t more burger chains follow suit? Each burger chain has its rules and strategies, for them to ado pt the â€Å"no change† rule means many of their owners would have to agree. Since such philosophy is not the most common successful one the likelihood of them converting is not high.

Brand Positioning and Repositioning

Research project 1 Name of The Research marriage proposal crisscross Positioning & Re situation spot Positioning In marketing, Positioning has set approximately to mean the process by which marketers quiz to create an image or identity in the minds of their identify market for its harvesting, demulcent touch, or organization. Gener every(prenominal)y, the Brand placeing process involves 1. formation the market in which the crossway or rat ordain compete (who the relevant buyers argon) 2. Identifying the attributes (also called dimensions) that define the harvest-tide space 3. Collecting training from a sample of customers about their detections of apiece(prenominal) crossing on the relevant attributes 4.De considerationine all(prenominal) products sh atomic number 18 of mind 5. Determine each products current location in the product space 6. Determine the target markets pet combination of attributes (referred to as an ideal vector) 7. attend the fit between oThe position of your product oThe position of the ideal vector 8. Position. Characteristics of Brand Positioning Brand positioning dodging is important to founder in parade to get to number bingle in a customers mind for your products or run. If you dont develop a plan, customers wont think about you when they go to make a purchase.This is sure to moderate to low sales and, ultimately, moving in failure. hither are round characteristics of dirt positioning strategy that anyone sens use for business Unique Benefits What benefits does a customer hold from buying your product or service? Its not becoming to develop a generic benefits list that all of your competitors offer. What odd benefits do you offer? This takes diligent search of the competition, as well as future customers. Your strike out positioning strategy has to roam around your customers, and what they will benefit from a relationship with your business.Otherwise, theyll go to the competition, where they perceive they plenty get the most for their money. Quality Products or Services The Internet has made it docile for customers to get low determines, and harder for you as a home based business possessor to beat larger competitors. However, you hindquarters smooth occupy a high position over large service firms and product stores by building a send image that highlights tone products or services. For example, if youre a freelancer, you may not be satisfactory to compete on price with freelancers from an new(prenominal)(prenominal) countries.However, if youre known as a freelancer who offers quality services, youll gain a higher steel position than low-priced competitors. You might regular(a) be able to charge higher prices for higher quality services, and the higher price may help build that perception that youre offering quality, whereas your competitors are not. Great Features You affect to think with the consumes of your products or services that would make custome rs choose you in the maiden place, and use it in all of your advert strategy. Take the time to write a product or service commentary for everything you offer.Cross out the ones that dont meet the threshold of a wide feature. Even if you only develop one or two points about your product or service that qualifies, you can use that to differentiate yourself from the competition and hike sales. For example, if youre selling a home surety department system on Ebay, its not enough to highlight the fact that it comes with 4 cameras and a DVR. Every similar home security system does, and your customers begin no close to buy from you, rather than someone else on Ebay. However, you could highlight that the security system ends images in real time to your email. Now your product is to a greater extent compelling to consider, and youll get more sales, even from a competitor that offers a cheaper price. Problem Solver A make positioning strategy that works well, especially during hard economic times, is positioning yourself as a problem-solver. You want to focus on offering the very best solutions for the problems your target market faces. Your customers will associate your big businessman to problem-solve with your ability to save them time, money and pain, which will keep them with you and not the competition.When you use these study characteristics of a brand position strategy, you can improve sales and your financial stinkpot line. If you dont take the time to work on a strategy, your business wont do as well, and your marketing efforts will be counter-productive. Types of swallow Water Drinking pee or drinkable water system is water of sufficiently high quality that it can be consumed or used without risk of straightaway or languish term harm. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, job and industry is all of drinking water standard, even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in diet education.Ove r large parts of the world, human beings have inadequate access to potable water and use sources contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens or unacceptable levels of dissolved chemicals or hang solids. Such water is not potable and drinking or using such(prenominal) water in provender preparation leads to widespread acute and chronic illnesses and is a major cause of death in some(prenominal) countries. Reduction of waterborne diseases is a major public health terminal in developing countries. Alcoholic boozingsAn dipsomaniac swallow is a drink that behaves ethanol, usually known as alcohol (although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes numerous other compounds). Beer has been a part of human culture for 8000 years. 1 In Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and many other European countries, drinking beer (and other alcoholic crapulences) in a topical anesthetic anesthetic bar or pub is a cultural tradition. 2 Non-alcoholic beverages Non-alcoholic beverag es are drinks that usually bear alcohol, such as beer and wine, but contain less than 0. 5% alcohol by volume.This category includes low-alcohol beer, non-alcoholic wine, and apple cider. Soft drinks The get soft drink specifies a inadequacy of alcohol by way of transmission line to the term hard drink and the term drink, the latter of which is nominally unbiased but often carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages uniform colas, sparkling water, iced afternoon tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit punch are among the most common types of soft drinks, epoch hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, alcohol, and milkshakes do not fall into this classification.Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in versions sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. yearning beverages A hot beverage is any beverage which is normally served heated. This may be through the addition of a heated liquid, such as water or milk, or by directly heating the beve rage itself. whatsoever examples of hot beverages are Coffee-based beverages oCafe au lait oCappuccino oCoffee oEspresso oFrappe oFlavored coffees (mocha etc. ) oLatte Hot chocolate Hot cider oMulled cider Gluhwein Tea-based beverages oFlavored teas (chai etc. ) oGreen tea oPearl milk tea oTea Herbal teas oYerba consort Roasted grain beverages oSanka Miscellanea Some substances may be called either food or drink, and accordingly may be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending upon their thickness and solutes. Buttermilk Soup Yogurt Beverage industries in Bangladesh Bangladesh Beverage Industry In Bangladesh the beverage industries are playing a great role in the economy. The beverage industries involves those companies and products that are given below, The soft drinks market in Bangladesh consists mainly of seven companies. 1. Abdul Monem particular (Coca- locoweed, Sprite, Fanta). . kitchen-gardening Marketing Company Limited (Pran). 3. Akij free radical (Mojo, Lemu, Frutika). 4. Global Beverage Limited (Virgin). 5. eyeball Soft Drinks Limited (Uro Cola, Uro Lemon). 6. Partex Beverage Limited (RC Cola, Lychena). 7. Transcom Beverage (Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda). Of these, Pran and Mojo are the only local brands. Coca-Cola, with its three varieties, namely, the cola-flavored Coca-Cola, the clear-flavored Sprite and the orange-flavored Fanta, is the number one soft drink producer in Bangladesh, as well as all over the world. Closing in on Coke is rival Pepsi.Pepsi is one of the oldest brands in Bangladesh. Pepsi first arrived in Dhaka in 1976 with the cola-flavored Pepsi, the clear-flavored 7up, the orange-flavored Mirinda and later hold ind the mango-flavored Slice. Pran, on the other hand, started with jam, jellify and pickle. In 1995, it started producing mango bottled juice, and is currently operating(a) all over the country. Virgin is known worldwide through its brand name. It was introduced in our country by Global Beverages Ltd. RC Cola entered the Ban gladesh market in 1997, and was the first to introduce the cloudy lemon flavor.It has not been long since Akij aggroup brought out Mojo and Lemu. They have already gained huge popularity. The recent success of Akij group is Frutika, which delivers the promise of no preservatives. Characteristics of beverage that establish brand There should have some unique characteristics of particular product to defend as brand in the market. A product should have some feature that gives value to the consumer. Brand attributes consist of bits of randomness that are linked to a brand name in consumer memory and that, when combine with the brand name, make up brands image.Product attributes are the benefits of products, and these Benefits are the fold means used in advertisement and promotion offer to connect the brand with a motivation which influence brand attitude. Perceived quality is defined as the consumers judgment about a products general excellence or superiority. Attributes, Taste/ Flavor, Digestion, kilogram calorie Content, Sugar Content, Pungency, Price, Color, Hygiene, Brand Image and advocator of Freshness were taken into consideration for constituting brand.

Woody Allen – Annie Hall

Changes arboresque Allens Annie H alone is a fritter away that depicts the smell of a mention named Alvy Singer, a comedian who always reckons nervous, is full of self-loathing, doesnt energize a positive perspective on tone, had an unhappy childhood and has been divorced doubly. He sees he has problems barely cant figure unwrap how to solve them in a dignified way so uses sex as a substitute. By the cease of the require however, he shows a significant interpolate in his mindset on life, due approximatelyly to his late kindred with a woman named Annie H every.They reverse their blood that Alvy learns from it, makes transfers in his life, and uses it as a stepping stone into his future. The setoff here and now where he shows multifariousness is when he fatality Annie after(prenominal) her number 1 performance at a night club. She thinks she did horribly so he gives her reasons why she wasnt as freehanded as she thought which cheers her up. This signifies A lvy crook a bad situation into a severe one and shows confidence for the first sequence. Another piece where he shows budge is his meeting with Annie in Los Angeles after they wee broken up for good.He does things that he is normally reluctant to do leaving clean York City, tearaway(a) a c fitting car, and eating at a health food restaurant. Although it doesnt repeal worry he hoped, he accepts that they arent going to be to provokeher any languisher and doesnt complain, which is his plebeian response. In addition, he shows growth when he writes a revivify about his relationship with Annie, which shows their last meeting in L. A. notwithstanding with an alternate ending with them to enchanther proving that the relationship affected him enough to analyze and followup it.He views the relationship as a skill view and uses the fetch to articulate his experience in a productive way, something he hasnt done yet. Lastly, the ending of the film shows the most significant miscellanea from Alvy. He meets with Annie and seems genuinely happy to spend sentence with her and says hes glad that he got to jazz her, contrary to his prior apprehension to hasten sex to solve his problems. Alvys first noticeable change occurs after Annies audition at the club.Its her first time and she thinks that her performance was indescribable because the audience wasnt paying care and there were distractions such as mike feedback, dropping glass, and a ringing phone. afterward her performance, theyre walking d confess the pass and he cheers her up by copulation her that the crowd was a tad sprightly and that she has a wonderful voice (42). He unremarkably saw things in a ban light before this moment and this was the first time in the film where he twistinged a bad situation into a wear one.This patroned Annie pass on her singing and she improved later because of Alvy and exposed invigorated doors for her, thanks to Alvys thinking and change of view. He s aw the affirmable relationship between them as something worthwhile and it ultimately led up to his teddy at the end of the movie. He makes her aroma revealconfident enough to brag, Yeah, you know something? I never even took a lesson, either (42). She accepts his support and Alvy strongizes he would deficiency to support her with rough multiplication to keep the relationship rolling.And it meant that he would exhaust to adjust his views and habits to keep her happy. They two changed a little in this shaming with both of them being more positive toward dimmed situations and Alvy bringing benefits out of this situation. After this, he impels her to kiss him utter that it will condense their food repair (43). Maybe he verbalize this joke just to pretend sex with Annie (which he does in a few scenes) and wouldnt be lots of a change. besides he cute to be in a long term relationship because he told Annie that he wouldnt let her quit singing.He foresaw that he could h elp her become a remediate psyche and maybe figure himself out along the way, reiterating that he was aware of his problems and cute to change his ways. After they break up and Annie moves to Los Angeles, Alvy takes the initiative for the first time and move to L. A. from newborn York City to try and convince her to marry him. He rents a car to see her and when he tells her this on the phone, she seems strike ca development Alvy to say What-why is that such a miracle? (97).He isnt fond of California and despises driving so its obvious that he wants to be with Annie because hes doing things he that he usually doesnt and tries new things to get what he wants. Even Annie notices the change because she knows that Alvy doesnt want driving. He fights to get back with Annie, a noteworthy change for a man who has been divorced twice and uses sex to relieve his problems. When Alvy arrives at a health food restaurant, he tells the look Im gonna . . . Im gonna control the alfalfa spr outs and, uh, a home plate of mashed yeast (97). Its a genuinely dd combination, but his choice proves that he was spontaneous to try new things to be with Annie. He figures that he has to make adjustments in his own life in order to cleanse suit Annies way of life. But they immediately start bickering with Annie vehemently saying Alvy, youre incapable of enjoying life, you know that? I mean your life is refreshful York City. Youre just this person. Youre like this island unto yourself (98). Alvy then stutters on but doesnt say anything coherent, her words hitting him like two tons of bricks, knowing that what she say was true.He knows that his problems are unlike other tidy sums. He knows that he has to change his disconfirming perspective on life if he ever wants to be with Annie or get into any other meaningful relationship. He knows that no one knows him like Annie. So he accepts her criticism for the first time and takes her words into consideration. He realizes he wou ld aim to stop living self-consciously in his own world of illusion (Conard 109). The play Alvy is directing about his rendezvous with Annie in Los Angeles indicates that he used their relationship to his profit and now understands himself stop.He writes what really happens until he makes his character say Okay, if thats all that weve been by dint of together means to you, I take a chance its better if we just said goodbye, once and for all (102). Although it may seem immature of him to change the ending to end on his own wrong, it proves that he knew that he couldve acted better instead of arguing with Annie the gross(a) time. That moment was monumental in his shifting and is tranquillise working it out in his head. He also changed the last scene to end in his favor with Annie saying Wait Im-Im gonna . . go with you and I love you(102). This shows growth in Alvy because he is educeing his heartbreak in a healthy manner instead of savour sorry for himself. Also, changin g the ending suggests that he knows he can control his life now that he has a better perspective on it. In naive realism though, she told Alvy that she didnt love him so he makes her say it to envision how he would have liked it to end, on his own terms and with his own decisions. After this scene he looks at the audience and says Tsch, whatta you want? It was my first play.You know, you know how youre always tryin t get things to come out perfect in art because, uh, its real difficult in life (102). He knows that hes changed but still has some work to do in order to get the ending he wants. His life isnt perfect and uses the play to figure himself out and is still using that relationship to become a better person. Hes now able to reflect on his mistakes and bias them slightly to work for him. The final part of Alvys transformation is shown when he runs into Annie in New York and they go out for lunch.After lunch, they shake pass on and kiss each other fond like (105). Their p rior encounter end in disarray and she wouldnt have kissed him if she didnt have a good time this time around. It can be interpreted that Alvy has changed for the better and Annie has noticed this change, make the friendly kiss. He then exclaims I realized what a terrific person she was and-and how much fun it was just knowing her (105). She was the first woman that he came across that he actually appreciated alternatively than use for sex.Hes glad that he got to know her because she helped him change his perspective on relationships from lust and sex to just having a partner who can make him better himself. Its clear that he views relationships otherwise when he tells his last joke, this guy goes to a psychiatrist and says Doc, uh, my brothers crazy. He thinks hes a chicken. And, uh, the determine says, Well, why dont you turn him in? And the guy says, I would, but I need the eggs. Well, I guess thats pretty much how I feel about relationships. You know, theyre altogether irrational and crazy and absurd and . . but, uh, I guess we keep goin through it because, uh, most of us need the eggs. (105) He realizes that we all go through the tribulations of relationships because of what lies at the end of the road. It may be positive or negative and in Alvys case, it move out that it made him a better person. He now knows how to handle a relationship and knows that its not all about him. After dealing with his problems, he learns that the aftermath can benefit him. Annie lobby may be a romantic comedy, but we can use it to help ourselves.According to Michael Castrignanos biography on Allen, he was divorced twice before the bring on of this movie, similar to Alvy. Alvy used to be a negative person who didnt want to solve his problems but after a bad situation, turned his life around. He learned how to turn a negative into a positive, that he has to take the initiative, how to express himself instead of feeling sorry, and that relationships cant be all abo ut sex. mayhap Allen used Alvy to help himself and we in turn can use Alvy as an congressman on how to deal with our problems.We may not necessarily have the same types of problems but we can make turn a negative into a positive. He reflected on the whole situation and used it to change his views on life. We all go through bad times but if we change our perspectives on certain things, we can usually benefit from it. Works Cited Castrignano, Michael. Biography for Woody Allen. IMDb. 2010. 25 March 2010 Conard, Mark T. , ed. , and eon J. Skoble, ed. Woody Allen and Philosophy You Mean My completely Fallacy is Wrong? Peru Open Court, 2004. quaternary Films of Woody Allen. New York Random House, 1982.